Citation Requirements

SHARE acknowledgement(s)

In accordance with the SHARE Conditions of Use governing the use of SHARE data, an acknowledgement containing the following information has to be included in all publications using SHARE data: 

• This paper uses data from SHARE Waves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9  (DOIs:  10.6103/SHARE.w1.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w3.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w4.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w5.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w6.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w7.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w8.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w8ca.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w9.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w9ca900) see Börsch-Supan et al. (2013) for methodological details.(1) The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERISS: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782, SHARE-COVID19: GA N°101015924) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion through VS 2015/0195, VS 2016/0135, VS 2018/0285, VS 2019/0332, VS 2020/0313 and SHARE-EUCOV: GA N°101052589 and EUCOVII: GA N°101102412. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, BSR12-04, R01_AG052527-02, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-eric.eu).

easySHARE is intended for student training and teaching purposes. For scientific publications it is recommended to use the main data set of SHARE, or to carefully study the easySHARE documentation (PDF) and the Stata program that extracts and generates easySHARE from the main release of SHARE. In case easySHARE data is being used for theses or other scientific publications, the following additional acknowledgement has to be included:

• This paper uses data from the generated easySHARE data set (DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.easy.800), see Gruber et al. (2014) for methodological details. The easySHARE release 8.0.0 is based on SHARE Waves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (DOIs: 10.6103/SHARE.w1.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w2.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w3.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w4.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w5.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w6.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w7.800, 10.6103/SHARE.w8.800).₍₁₎

The following additional acknowledgement has to be included when publishing with SHARE Job Episodes Panel data:

• This paper uses data from the generated Job Episodes Panel (DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.jep.900), see Brugiavini et al. (2019) for methodological details. The Job Episodes Panel release 9.0.0 is based on  SHARE Waves 3 and 7 (DOIs: 10.6103/SHARE.w3.900, 10.6103/SHARE.w7.900).₍₁₎

(1) Usually the information provided in this first paragraph will be part of the text of a scientific publication already. If this is the case, there is no need to include this information in the acknowledgement once more. The information on the funding of the SHARE data collection, however, is mandatory in any case.

Citation of data sets and literature

In accordance with the SHARE Conditions of Use​​​​​​​, besides acknowledging the data collection and the main funding sources of the SHARE data collection, users are also required to cite the data sets used and include  the  basic  literature  on  SHARE  research  and  methodology in the bibliography corresponding to the data set(s) they have used in the publication.

First, it is mandatory to cite the respective data set(s) used for the publication. As there are no general data citation standards for data sets yet, a citation based on the da|ra metadata schema₍₂₎ is recommended, which is also in line with the recommended standard according to DataCite₍₃₎:

• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 1. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w1.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 2. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w2.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 3 – SHARELIFE. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w3.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 4. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w4.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 5. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w5.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 6. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w6.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 7. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w7.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 8. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w8.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 8. COVID-19 Survey 1. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w8ca.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 9. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w9.900
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Wave 9. COVID-19 Survey 2. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.w9ca.900
• Börsch-Supan, A., S. Gruber (2022). easySHARE. Release version: 8.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.easy.800
• SHARE-ERIC (2024). SHARE Job Episodes Panel. Release version: 9.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI:10.6103/SHARE.jep.900
• Forschungsdatenzentrum der Rentenversicherung, SHARE-ERIC (2022). SHARE-RV. Release version: 8.0.0. SHARE-ERIC. Data set. DOI: 10.6103/SHARE.SHARE-RV.800

Second, in line with the general SHARE acknowledgement, when using any SHARE data, it is mandatory for users to cite the following publication:

• Börsch-Supan, A., M. Brandt, C. Hunkler, T. Kneip, J. Korbmacher, F. Malter, B. Schaan, S. Stuck, S. Zuber (2013). Data Resource Profile: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). International Journal of Epidemiology. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt088.

Third, when using data from the SHARE COVID-19 Surveys, it is mandatory for users to cite the following publication:

• Scherpenzeel, A., K. Axt, M. Bergmann, S. Douhou, A. Oepen, G. Sand, K. Schuller, S. Stuck, M. Wagner, A. Börsch-Supan (2020). Collecting Survey Data among the 50+ Population during the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Survey Research Methods 14 (2): DOI: 10.18148/srm/2020.v14i2.7738.

Fourth, when using any SHARE data from SHARE Waves 1-7, it is mandatory for users to cite the following publication on response and retention rates in SHARE:

• Bergmann, M., T. Kneip, G. De Luca, and A. Scherpenzeel (2019). Survey participation in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), Wave 1-7. Based on Release 7.0.0. SHARE Working Paper Series 41-2019. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.

When using easySHARE or Job Episode Panel data, in line with the respective additional acknowledgement(s), users are additionally required to cite the following publications:

• easySHARE: Gruber, S., C. Hunkler and S. Stuck (2014). Generating easySHARE: guidelines, structure, content and programming. SHARE Working Paper Series (17-2014). Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Job Episodes Panel: Brugiavini, A., C. E. Orso, M. G. Genie, R. Naci, G. Pasini (2019). Combining the retrospective interviews of wave 3 and wave 7: the third release of the SHARE Job Episodes Panel. SHARE Working Paper Series (36-2019). Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.

When using SHARE-RV data, users are additionally required to cite the following publication:

• Börsch-Supan, A., C. Czaplicki, S. Friedel, I. Herold, J. Korbmacher, T. Mika (2018). SHARE-RV: Linked Data to Study Aging in Germany. In: Winker, P., T. v. Büttner, R. Riphahn, W. Smolny, J. Wagner (eds.): Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik. Berlin: De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2018-0034.

Furthermore, SHARE provides wave specific methodological documentation of the data. It is recommended that this documentation is referenced for data description purposes in any publication using data from the respective wave:

• Wave 1: Börsch-Supan, A. and H. Jürges (Eds.) (2005). The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe – Methodology. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA).
• Wave 2: Börsch-Supan, A., A. Brugiavini, H. Jürges, A. Kapteyn, J. Mackenbach, J. Siegrist, G. Weber (Eds.) (2008). First results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004-2007). Starting the longitudinal dimension. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA).
• Wave 3: Schröder, M. (Ed.) (2011). Retrospective data collection in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. SHARELIFE methodology. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Aging (MEA).
• Wave 4: Malter, F. and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2013). SHARE Wave 4: Innovations & Methodology. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Wave 5: Malter, F. and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2015). SHARE Wave 5: Innovations & Methodology. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Wave 6: Malter, F. and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2017). SHARE Wave 6: Panel innovations and collecting Dried Blood Spots. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Wave 7: Bergmann, M., A. Scherpenzeel and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2019). SHARE Wave 7 Methodology: Panel Innovations and Life Histories. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Wave 8: Bergmann, M. and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2021). SHARE Wave 8 Methodology: Collecting Cross-National Survey Data in Times of COVID-19. Munich: MEA, Max Planck Institute for Social Law and Social Policy.
• Wave 9: Bergmann, M., M. Wagner and A. Börsch-Supan (Eds.) (2024). SHARE Wave 9 Methodology: From the SHARE Corona Survey 2 to the SHARE Main Wave 9 Interview. Munich: SHARE-ERIC. DOI: 10.6103/mv.w09.

(2) Hausstein, B., Schleinstein, N., Koch, U., Meichsner, J., Becker, K. & Stahn, L.-L. (2014). da|ra Metadata Schema. Version: 3.0. GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences. DOI: 10.4232/10.mdsdoc.3.0

(3) DataCite Metadata Working Group (2013). DataCite Metadata Schema for the Publication and Citation of Research Data. Version 3.1. DataCite. Text.  DOI: 10.5438/00010